Can mining drive development? Examining the impact of mineral exploration in Plateau State, Nigeria

Extractive industry activities in Nigeria is seen with expectations as a catalyst for development. This is against the evident mineral endowments, with historical records of the maximized benefits of mineral exploration and the economic gains that is attached to various mineral resources that are in huge commercial deposits. However, mining or non-oil mineral exploration has economic gains and its challenges. The study examined the identified impact that impede on development. The impact constitutes challenges that are consequences of not taking the necessary actions in addressing the causal factors associated with the adverse effects of mining or extractive activities. Data were generated from stakeholders: regulators and private business entities that are industry’s practitioners that have also engaged in various aspects within the extractive industry value chain. Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussion were explored in providing extensive insight by examining the impact of extractive activities on development. Findings revealed that transparency of industry’s actors, accountability of operational and policy actions, the enabling law which is the resource governance framework, lack of diligent engagement in developing a community development agreement, absence of host community benefits, poor environmental consideration were revealed. Recommendations pointed to reforming the Nigerian Mineral Mining Act, 2009 as amended and section 44(3) of the 1999 constitution which gives exclusive rights to all minerals to the federal government.